Kibble mechanism for electroweak magnetic monopoles and magnetic fields

A bstract The vacuum manifold of the standard electroweak model is a three-sphere when one considers homogeneous Higgs field configurations. For inhomogeneous configurations we argue that Hopf fibered three sphere and this viewpoint leads to general criteria detect monopoles Z-strings. We extend Kibble mechanism study formation strings during symmetry breaking. distribution magnetic produces fields have spectrum B λ ∝ −2 , where smearing length scale. Even as annihilate due confining Z-strings, evolves with turbulent plasma may be relevant for cosmological observations.